The Future Perfect Tense defines the action which will be completed a task at a specific time in the future. Besides, it refers to an action or state that will finish sometime in the future before some other event in the future.
Three types of verbs are used in Future Perfect Tense.
- Future form of Auxiliary Verb (shall/will) + have.
- Past Participle form of the main verb.
Structure 1:
Positive & Negative Form:
Subject + shall/will + have + Past participle form of verb + Remaining Part of the sentence (If have).
Example 1:
- We will have done the work before the authority come.
- He will have built the shed by Sunday.
To compare the sentence according to the structure,
Subject= We (First Sentence), He (Second Sentence)
shall/will + have + past participle form of verb = will have done (First Sentence), will have built (Second Sentence)
Remaining Part of the sentence= the work before the authority come. (First Sentence), the shed by Sunday. (Second Sentence)
Example 2:
- They will not have taken this project when the authority comes.
- Salam will not have walked by nine o’ clock.
To compare the sentence according to the structure,
Subject= They (First Sentence), Salam (Second Sentence)
(shall/will) not + have + past participle form of verb = will not have taken (First Sentence), will not have walked (Second Sentence)
Remaining Part of the sentence= this project yet when the authority comes. (First Sentence), by nine o’ clock (Second Sentence)
Structure 2:
Question Form (Yes/No Question)
Have/Has/Haven’t/Hasn’t + subject + adverb (if have) + past participle form of the main verb + Remaining Part of the sentence (If have)?
Note: (Sometimes adverb is placed at the end of the sentence)
(Note: Has is used for third person singular such as he, she, it, someone name)
Example 1:
- Have you finished the passage?
- Has he taken the topic?
To compare the two sentences according to the structure,
Have/Has = Have (First Sentence), Has (Second sentence)
Subject + past participle form of the main verb = you finished (First Sentence), he taken (Second Sentence)
Remaining Part of the sentence= the passage? (First Sentence), the topic? (Second Sentence)
Example 2:
- Haven’t they come the station yet?
- Hasn’t he caught the point?
To compare the two sentences according to the structure,
Haven’t/Hasn’t= Haven’t (First Sentence), Hasn’t (Second Sentence)
Subject + Past Participle Form of the main Verb = they come (First Sentence), he caught (Second Sentence)
Remaining Part of the sentence= the station yet? (First Sentence), the point? (Second Sentence)
Structure 3:
Question Form (Wh Question)
Wh Word ( What/Who/How/Which etc.) + have/has/haven’t/hasn’t + subject + adverb (if have) + past participle form of the main verb + Remaining Part of the sentence (If have)?
Note: (Sometimes adverb is placed at the end of the sentence)
(Note: Has is used for third person singular such as he, she, it, someone name)
Example 1:
- Where have you done this job?
- What has he taken in this jar?
To compare the two sentences according to the structure,
Wh word (What/Who/How/Which etc.) = Where (First Sentence), What (Second Sentence)
Have/Has= have (First Sentence), has (Second Sentence)
Subject + Past Participle Form of Verb = you done (First Sentence), he taken (Second Sentence)
Remaining Part of the sentence= this job? (First Sentence), in this jar? (Second Sentence)
Example 2: Why haven’t they allowed it?
Why has not he done this?
To compare the two sentences according to the structure,
Wh word (What/Who/How/Which etc.) = Why (First & Second Sentence)
haven’t/hasn’t = haven’t (First Sentence), hasn’t (Second Sentence)
Subject + Past Participle Form of Verb = they allowed (First Sentence), he done (Second Sentence)
Remaining Part of the sentence= it? (First Sentence), this? (Second Sentence)
Structure 4:
Question Form (Wh Question)
Wh Word ( What/Who/How/Which etc.) + have/has/haven’t/hasn’t + Past Participle form of verb + Remaining Part of the sentence (If have)?
Example 1:
- Who have/has performed this?
(Note: Have refers that person such as I, You, We, They. On the other hand, has refers that person such as He, She, It)
To compare the sentence according to the structure,
Wh word (What/Who/How/Which etc.) = Who
have/has + Past Participle form of verb = have/has
Remaining Part of the sentence= this?
Example 2:
- Who have/has not got this moment?
To compare the sentence according to the structure,
Wh word (What/Who/How/Which etc.) = Who
haven’t/hasn’t = have/has not
Remaining Part of the sentence= this moment?
Structure 5:
Question Form (Wh Question)
Wh Word ( What/Who/How/Which etc.)+ Noun + have/has/haven’t/hasn’t + Subject + Past Participle form of Verb + Remaining Part of the sentence (if have)?
(Note: Has is used for third person singular such as he, she, it, someone name)
Example 1:
- Which topics have you selected for presentation?
- Which cloths has he picked for photoshoot?
To compare the two sentences according to the structure,
Wh word (What/Who/How/Which etc.) + Noun = Which topics (First Sentence), Which cloths (Second Sentence)
have/has + Subject + Past Participle form of Verb = have you selected (First Sentence), has he picked (Second Sentence)
Remaining Part of the sentence= for presentation? (First Sentence), for photoshoot? (Second Sentence)
Example 2:
- Which foods haven’t you taken in ballroom?
- Which gadgets hasn’t he decided to buy in this shop?
To compare the two sentences according to the structure,
Wh word (What/Who/How/Which etc.) + noun = Which foods (First Sentence), Which gadgets (Second Sentence)
haven’t/hasn’t + Subject + Past Participle form of Verb = haven’t you taken (First Sentence), hasn’t he decided (Second Sentence)
Remaining Part of the sentence= in ballroom? (First Sentence), in this shop? (Second Sentence)
Structure 6:
Question Form (Wh Question)
Wh Word ( What/Who/How/Which etc.)+ Noun + Preposition + Noun + have/has/haven’t/hasn’t + Subject + Past participle form of Verb + Remaining Part of the sentence (if have)?
(Note: Has is used for third person singular such as he, she, it, someone name)
Example 1:
- What kinds of birds have you liked to see?
- Which types of foods has he liked to eat?
To compare the two sentences according to the structure,
Wh word (What/Who/How/Which etc.) + Noun + Preposition + Noun = Which kinds of birds (First Sentence), Which types of foods (Second Sentence)
have/has= have (First Sentence), has (Second Sentence)
Subject + Past Participle Form of Verb = you liked (First Sentence), he liked (Second Sentence)
Remaining Part of the sentence= to see? (First Sentence), to eat? (Second Sentence).
Example 2:
- Which types of products haven’t you found in the shop yet?
- Which types of gadgets hasn’t he stored in this shop yet?
To compare the two sentences according to the structure,
Wh word (What/Who/How/Which etc.) + noun + preposition + noun = Which types of products(First Sentence), Which types of gadgets (Second Sentence)
haven’t/hasn’t= haven’t (First Sentence), hasn’t (Second Sentence)
Subject + Past participle Form of Verb = you found (First Sentence), he stored (Second Sentence)
Remaining Part of the sentence= in the shop yet? (First Sentence), in this shop yet? (Second Sentence)
In conclusion, the present perfect tense is a versatile and commonly used grammatical structure in English. Its application extends to various contexts, such as describing life experiences, achievements, or changes that have occurred over a period leading up to the present. Additionally, the present perfect is frequently employed when discussing actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past or when the exact timing is not crucial to the message.
Understanding the nuances of the present perfect tense is essential for effective communication, as it allows speakers and writers to convey a sense of connection between past actions and their current implications.
